Matter Changing States

            Hello People! Sorry I haven’t posted in a while; my schedule has been really crazy. Anyway, lets learn some more about science! I have a quiz on Thursday, and I need to study for it. While I am studying, you will be learning! Yay! :D

            We are going to learn about matter and what happens when it changes states. First, you will need to know some of the basics. Matter is anything that takes up space. Some examples being paper, carrot juice, and even carbon dioxide! I know, pretty random, but they are all made of matter. Paper, carrot juice, and carbon dioxide are examples of the three basic states of matter. The three basic states of matter are solids (paper), liquids (carrot juice), and gasses (carbon dioxide). All three states are completely different, but extremely similar at the same time. Confusing, I know, but you will get it in a second.

I’m going to use water (I know, everyone uses this, it’s just the easiest to understand) as an example. We are going to start with ice. Ice is a solid. A solid is a state of matter where the particles are bonded together in a lattice structure. If you were to give energy to it, like melting it, you would get water. Water is a liquid. A liquid is a state of matter that contains energy, but only enough for the particles to move around a little freely. If you were to take even MORE energy from water, like vaporization, you would get water vapor. Water vapor is a gas. A gas is a state of matter that has so much energy, that the particles move around randomly. It’s pretty weird, but cool, right?

Okay, now that you know the basics, I’m going to study a little more in depth about the changes. In order to take away and give energy, you would need to either change the temperature or apply/take away pressure. For the temperature changes, if you wanted a solid, like ice, you would need to have it frozen at either 32ᵒF or 0ᵒC. Its molecules are bonded and packed together in a structure called a crystal lattice. From that temperature and down, it will freeze.

When you melt ice, the temperature of it changes to its melting point. The temperature stays the same until all the ice melts. After that is when the temperature starts to grow again. When that is happening, all of the energy is used to breaking the bonds of the ice molecules. The extra energy is called the heat of fusion. The melting point of water is when the temperature is above 32ᵒF or 0ᵒC. That melting point is only for water, though. The melting point is interesting. Each element or compound has its own melting point. Water is at 32ᵒF or 0ᵒC, and another element, like Magnesium, has a melting point of 1200ᵒF or 600ᵒC.

If you wanted water in a gas form, you will obviously need to do something about it. You would need to add enough energy or heat to break the forces of attraction of the molecules. That energy that is being used is called the heat of vaporization. The boiling point of the water to turn it into a gas is 212ᵒF or 100ᵒC. These are the ways to change states by temperature, but there still is pressure. If you want to get it from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas, you would need to ADD pressure. If you wanted to get it from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid, you would need to TAKE AWAY pressure. When you do this, the chemical properties will stay the same.

Not all substances change from one to another. Some substances skip a process, like going straight from a solid to a gas. This process is called sublimation. One example of sublimation is dry ice. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide. So, when it sublimates, it goes from dry ice to carbon dioxide. Pretty cool, huh? Another way is when it goes from a gas straight to a solid. That is called deposition. An example of that is dry ice, once again. When carbon dioxide freezes, it turns into dry ice. One last way is called condensation. That’s when a gas form of something changes back into a liquid. An example of it is when water vapor starts cooling in the atmosphere, it condensates into tiny water droplets, which turn into clouds.

Okay, well that’s all I had to learn about this week! Thanks for helping me! You guys are cool! :D Well, I hope I do well on my test, and if you are taking it along with me, I wish you luck! Bye!

Did you like my blog about randomly changing matter states? 
Tell me your feedback please!
 I would love to know what you thought of this! 
Thanks for reading everyone! <3

xoxo Teemster! :D

P.S. Red words are links to information 
and pink are links for my pics! :D